A fountain (from the Latin "fons" or "fontis", a source or spring) is a piece of architecture which pours water into a basin or jets it into the air either to supply drinking water or for decorative or dramatic effect.
Fountains were originally purely functional, connected to springs or aqueducts An aqueduct is a water supply or navigable channel constructed to convey water. In modern engineering, the term is used for any system of pipes, ditches, canals, tunnels, and other structures used for this purpose. In a more restricted use, aqueduct (occasionally water bridge) applies to any bridge or viaduct that transports water—instead of a and used to provide drinking water and water for bathing, but in ancient Rome Ancient Rome was a civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC. Located along the Mediterranean Sea, it became one of the largest empires in the ancient world they began to be used as decorative elements in gardens and courtyards. The art of fountains reached its peak in the fountains of the palaces of Moorish Spain Al-Andalus was the Arabic name given to the parts of the Iberian Peninsula and Septimania governed by Arab and North African Muslims (given the generic name of Moors), at various times in the period between 711 and 1492 in the 14th century; in the Italian Renaissance garden The Italian Renaissance garden was a new style of garden which emerged in the late fifteenth century at villas in Rome and Florence, inspired by classical ideals of order and beauty, and intended for the pleasure of the view of the garden and the landscape beyond, for contemplation, and for the enjoyment of the sights, sounds and smells of the in the 15th and 16th century; in the fountains of the Gardens of Versailles The gardens of Versailles occupy part of what was once the Domaine royale de Versailles, the royal demesne of the château of Versailles. Situated to the west of the palace, the gardens cover some 800 hectares of land, much of which is landscaped in the classic French Garden style perfected here by André Le Nôtre. Beyond the surrounding belt of in the seventeenth century; and the decorative fountains of Rome in the seventeenth and eighteenth century.[1]
Fountains today may be practical, such as drinking fountains and village fountains which provide clean drinking water; or designed for recreation, such as splash fountains, where residents can cool off in summer; or ornamental, decorating city parks and squares and home gardens.
Fountains may be wall fountains or free-standing. In fountains sheets of water may flow over varied surfaces of stone, concrete or metal. Basins may overflow from one into another, or the overflow may imitate a natural cascade. Many fountains are located in small, artificial, ornamental ponds, basins and formal garden pools, and often they include sculpture Sculpture is three-dimensional artwork created by shaping or combining hard, plastic material, wire, sound, text, light, commonly stone , metal, glass, or wood. Some sculptures are created directly by finding or carving; others are assembled, built together and fired, welded, molded, or cast. Sculptures are often painted.
Until the 20th century fountains depended upon gravity to make water spout or spray in the air, but modern fountains can use mechancial pumps. A famous example is the Jet d'Eau The Jet d'Eau, or water-jet, is a large fountain in Geneva, Switzerland, and is one of the city's most famous landmarks, being featured on the city's official tourism web site and on the official logo for Geneva's hosting of the 2008 UEFA Championships. It is also one of the largest fountains in the world. Situated at the point where Lake Geneva in Lake Geneva Lake Geneva or Lake Léman is the largest natural freshwater lake in western Europe (582 km²). In addition it is the largest body of freshwater in continental Europe in term of volume (89 km³). 60% of it comes under the jurisdiction of Switzerland (cantons of Vaud, Geneva, and Valais), and 40% under France (Haute-Savoie). The average level of, which shoots water 140 meters in the air. The highest such fountain in the world is King Fahd's Fountain King Fahd's Fountain, also known as the Jeddah Fountain, is the tallest fountain water in the world. Located in the coast of Jeddah, west coast of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The fountain jets water 260 metres above the Red Sea.It was donated to the city of Jeddah by King Fahd, hence its name. The fountain is visible throughout the entire vicinity of in Jeddah Jeddah is a Saudi Arabian city located on the coast of the Red Sea and is the major urban center of western Saudi Arabia. It is the largest city in Makkah Province, the largest sea port on the Red Sea, and the second largest city in Saudi Arabia after the capital city, Riyadh. The population of the city currently stands at over 3.4 million. It is, Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia (officially Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, also called simply Arabia or Saudi, is an Arab country and the largest country of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by Jordan on the northwest, Iraq on the north and northeast, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, and the United Arab Emirates on the east, Oman on the southeast, and Yemen on the south. The, which rises 260 meters (853 feet) above the Red Sea.[2]. The musical fountain A musical fountain is a type of animated fountain for entertainment purposes that creates an aesthetic design and sometimes a three-dimensional image. This is done by using the effects of sound waves and light or laser against water particles, in which the water streams, activated in strategically-timed durations, refract and reflect the light, combines moving jets of water, colored lights and recorded music, controlled by a computer, for dramatic effects.
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... Jovenes Sanos have been asking schools to reduce the cost of bottled water for students and to ensure that all their drinking fountains are working. ...
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